In addition to the above, some natural medicines have been proved to have anti-RA activity ( Table 1 ): polyphenols including curcumin, chlorogenic acid and punicalagen, flavonoids including hesperidin, 7,3-dimethoxyhesperidin, kaempferol and genistein, terpenes including pentaacetyl geniposide, gentiopicrin and betulinic acid, glycosides including emodin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucuronide, alkaloids including berberine and matrine, -mangiferin (a xanthone derivative of mangosteen pericarp), cinnamaldehyde (an aldehyde active compound Chinese medicine herb Cinnamomum cassia), thymoquinone (the main component of the volatile oil in Nigella sativa L.), periplocin (one of the main active components in Periploca sepium Bunge)
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10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.007 Biochem
A.PihlajamkiJ.SoininenH.HiltunenM